May 2, 2024 · We describe the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cells, inflammatory modulators and antibodies to influenza virus-specific immunity, inflammation and immunopathology.

Jul 1, 2012 · Histological and pathological indicators suggest that influenza induces much more immunological activity than is necessary to clear the virus and it is the ‘cytokine storm’ and the ensuing viral pneumonia that cause most of the damage in the lung [1], [3], [6], [7]. In most influenza infections the severe complications are restricted to the lung.

Recent advances in the field have helped to define how influenza alters the immune response to bacteria through the dysregulation of phagocytes, antimicrobial peptides, and lymphocytes. Viral-induced interferons play a key role in altering the phenotype of the immune response.

Oct 10, 2009 · Because IL-17A and IL-17F, ligands for IL-17 receptor antagonist (IL-17RA), have been shown to mediate neutrophil migration into the lung in response to LPS or Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia, we hypothesized that IL-17RA signaling was critical for acute lung injury in response to pulmonary influenza infection.

Influenza pathogenesis has two crucial clinical components; First, influenza causes acute lung injury that may require hospitalization. Secondly, acute injury promotes secondary bacterial pneumonia, a leading cause of hospitalization and disease burden in …

May 1, 2023 · Viral or bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of ARDS, but the events that trigger hypercytokinemia are unclear. Thus, no ARDS mechanism-specific treatments exist. Secondary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia has contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality in recent influenza pandemics.

Oct 30, 2023 · In this study, we investigated a strategy for controlling lung immunopathology following severe influenza infection. To evaluate the impact of innate immunity on influenza-associated lung injury, we employed CB17.SCID and NOD.SCID mice.

In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the optimal immune responses that drive recovery from influenza virus infection, highlighting the fine balance between protective immune mechanisms and detrimental immunopathology.

Apr 16, 2019 · Exaggerated host innate immune responses have been implicated in severe influenza pneumonia. We have previously demonstrated that excessive neutrophils recruited during influenza infection drive pulmonary pathology through induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release of extracellular histones.

In this review we summarize the underlying mechanisms leading to combined viral/bacterial infection or post-influenza pneumonia and highlight important considerations for effective treatment of bacterial pneumonia during and shortly after influenza.