Hydrogels are polymeric materials with three-dimensional network structures containing large amounts of water. They serve as ...

A nucleic acid is a long molecule made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleic acids were discovered in 1868, when twenty-four-year-old Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher isolated a ...

More than 50 years passed before the significance of Miescher's discovery of nucleic acids was widely appreciated by the scientific community. For instance, in a 1971 essay on the history of ...

During translation, ribosomes can pause on the nucleic acid. Researchers showed that collisions from incoming proteins get ...

By modulating both bone formation and resorption ... Alternative approaches, such as nucleic acid-based treatments, are being explored to address this growing concern. Osteogenic CpG ...

These conditions would have allowed the formation of complex molecules essential for the ... To go further: what is a nucleic acid base? Nucleic acid bases are essential molecules for the structure of ...

Kossel was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1910 for his contributions to the understanding of nucleic acids and proteins ... the deamination of adenine can lead to the ...

For liquid-liquid phase separation to occur in cells, the polymers that make up membraneless organelles—typically highly flexible proteins and nucleic acids—must exceed what is called their saturation ...

Their findings were published in the journal Nucleic Acids Research ... including broken DNA, the formation of small DNA-containing structures called micronuclei, and activation of the cell's ...